Monitoring of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs and seasonal variations in mussels from the Mar Grande and the Mar Piccolo of Taranto (Ionian Sea,Southern Italy)

The levels and specific profiles of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in Mytilus galloprovincialis from the Mar Grande and the Mar Piccolo of Taranto were determined during the extensive monitoring plan of Local Health Authority to assess PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs contamination in food and farm products, within 20 km from the industrial areas of Taranto, between March and December 2011. The average Total Toxicity Equivalence (TEQ) values for the sum of PCDD/F and DL-PCBs ranged from 1.61 to 5.63 pg WHO₂₀₀₅-TEQ g^?1 wet weight basis, with the highest in the first inlet of the Mar Piccolo. In particular, DL-PCBs were the dominant chemicals in all samples, followed by PCDFs and PCDDs. Congener patterns in mussels were similar, indicating a homogeneous behavior in studied areas and, probably, the same type of source. The seasonal concentrations trend showed a relevant increase of dioxin and dioxin-like PCBs TEQs during the summer months, exceeding the limits set by the European Community for food and foodstuff. Reducing PCDD/Fs and PCBs is necessary to decrease contamination levels in order to safeguard marine ecosystem and human health in the Taranto area.     

Resistance to teratogenesis by F1 and F2 embryos of PAH-adapted Fundulus heteroclitus is strongly inherited despite reduced recalcitrance of the AHR pathway

Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) inhabiting the Atlantic Wood Superfund site on the Elizabeth River (Portsmouth, VA, USA) are exposed to a complex mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from former creosote operations, but are resistant to the acute toxicity and cardiac teratogenesis caused by PAHs. The resistance is associated with a dramatic recalcitrance to induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP1) metabolism enzymes following exposure to aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonists, along with an elevated antioxidant response and increased expression of several other xenobiotic metabolism and excretion enzymes. However, the heritability of the resistance in the absence of chemical stressors has been inconsistently demonstrated. Understanding the heritability of this resistance will help clarify the nature of population-level responses to chronic exposure to PAH mixtures and aid in identifying the important mechanistic components of resistance to aryl hydrocarbons. We compared the response of Atlantic Wood F1 and F2 embryos to benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126), and a mixture of BkF and fluoranthene (Fl) to that of F1 embryos of reference site killifish. Resistance to cardiac teratogenesis and induction of CYP mRNA expression and CYP activity was determined. We found that both Atlantic Wood F1 and F2 embryos were highly resistance to cardiac teratogenesis. However, the resistance by Atlantic Wood F2 embryos to induction of CYP mRNA expression and enzyme activity was intermediate between that of Atlantic Wood F1 embryos and reference embryos. These results suggest that resistance to cardiac teratogenesis in Atlantic Wood fish is conferred by multiple factors, not all of which appear to be fully genetically heritable.     

玉米芯为碳源固定化硫酸盐还原菌污泥代谢特性

以聚乙烯醇为包埋载体,饱和硼酸为交联剂,制作了玉米芯为内聚缓释碳源的固定化硫酸盐还原菌污泥颗粒。通过厌氧批实验研究了在模拟酸性矿山废水(AMD)条件下玉米芯含量、初始SO2-4和Mn2+负荷以及p H对固定化颗粒代谢特性的影响,初步分析了固定化颗粒处理AMD的机理及可行性。实验结果表明,玉米芯在微生物作用下快速水解并产生有机物累积后,固定化颗粒才能迅速还原SO2-4,且玉米芯含量≤5%时硫酸盐还原率与玉米芯含量成正相关,玉米芯的水解会略微降低体系的p H;初始SO2-4浓度通过改变体系中COD/SO2-4和颗粒内外的浓度差影响固定化颗粒的代谢过程,而对玉米芯水解的影响不显著。初始p H为2~6和Mn2+浓度≤55 mg/L时对固定化颗粒活性抑制作用不明显,初始p H越低越利于玉米芯的水解和颗粒形成良好的孔隙结构;颗粒对Mn2+的去除机理是一种不依赖微生物活性的快速化学吸附作用,可用伪二级动力学模型描述吸附过程(R2=0.995)。     

造纸废水中高效菌群的筛选与鉴定

从再生造纸废水中分离出细菌14株,真菌5株,通过测定菌株的COD去除率,筛选出高效菌株,对其进行形态特征、生理生化特征、16S rDNA或ITS rDNA序列分析,并比较了单个菌株与混合菌的COD去除效果。结果表明:从再生造纸废水中筛选出高效菌株4株,鉴定为巨大芽孢杆菌、施氏假单胞菌、产碱假单胞菌、皮状丝孢酵母;混合菌COD去除能力优于单个菌株,COD去除率可达86.5%。     

4种人工湿地填料的f2噬菌体吸附特性

以无烟煤、钢渣、沸石和镁橄榄石这4种人工湿地填料为研究对象,以f2噬菌体为模型病毒,通过静态和动态吸附试验,考察和比较了4种填料的f2噬菌体吸附效果与特性.静态吸附结果表明,4种填料的f2噬菌体吸附去除效果依次为无烟煤>钢渣>镁橄榄石≈沸石,其中无烟煤对f2噬菌体的吸附过程经历了快、中、慢3个吸附阶段,且随着无烟煤投加量的增加,f2噬菌体去除率逐渐增加,优化的无烟煤投加量为8.0 g(固液比1∶12.5);4种填料的f2噬菌体等温吸附满足Freundlich和Langmuir等温吸附方程;无烟煤和钢渣的f2噬菌体吸附满足准二级吸附动力学,它们的理论平衡吸附量分别为3.35×108PFU·g-1和2.56×108PFU·g-1,与试验条件下得到的平衡吸附量基本一致;液膜扩散过程为无烟煤和钢渣吸附f2噬菌体的速率控制步骤,但不是唯一控制步骤.动态吸附结果表明,吸附柱的f2噬菌体吸附过程经历了适应、吸附、脉冲吸附和动态平衡这4个阶段,达到动态平衡时的f2噬菌体对数去除率大于2.55 lg.     

利用高通量测序对封存CO2泄漏情景下土壤细菌的研究

全球CO2浓度不断升高的背景下,地质封存CO2为控制大气CO2浓度上升提供了全新的思路,但封存CO2潜在的泄漏风险也对生态系统产生重大威胁.土壤微生物与土壤健康密切联系.鉴于目前地质封存CO2泄漏对土壤微生物影响的研究鲜有报道,本研究通过模拟地质封存CO2泄漏情景,利用Miseq平台Illumina第二代高通量测序土壤细菌16S rRNA基因,结合相关生物信息学分析,初步探讨了封存CO2泄漏情景下农田土壤细菌群落丰富度、多样性和群落结构的变化.试验共获得15个土壤样本的43 017个OTU共486 645条读数,生物学分析结果表明,封存CO2泄漏通量和时间不同的情景下,农田土壤细菌丰富度和细菌群落多样性的变化存在差异,初步推测CO2泄漏量增大和泄漏时间持续更长的情景下,土壤细菌丰富度和多样性下降幅度较大,土壤细菌群落中优势菌群向若干细菌集中,其中土壤酸杆菌门细菌相对增多可能作为地质封存CO2泄漏对土壤生态系统影响的生物监测指标.     

循环流化床干法脱硫除尘一体化工艺同时脱硝应用研究

目前,由于人类生产生活造成大气污染物日益增长,使国际上对大气污染物中放的控制研究成为热点,本文通过理论计算及工程实例说明了循环流化床干法烟气脱硫除尘一体化工艺同时脱硫脱硝可有效地对电厂大气污染物进行治理。     

浅谈石化企业员工心理健康管理模式的建立

分析了国内外企业员工心理健康管理实施现状,阐述了石化企业引入员工心理健康管理模式的重要性和必要性,提出加强心理健康管理模式建设的建议.